Fig. 4

Pairwise comparison of arthropod abundance in conserved, restored, and restored sites in the PSAER, based on 857 arthropods in total. Conserved, restored, and disturbed sites were grouped respectively to facilitate the interpretation with ANOSIM differences, which are based in Bray–Curtis distances. The points represent the real mean abundance obtained in our sampling, which is to the right of the bar. Maximum and minimum were calculated through standard error. Different letters represent different groups